1.What is Videoconferencing?
2.What applications can you get from videoconferencing?
3.What is ISDN?
4.What is ATM network?
5.What is BISDN network?
6.What is T1?
7.What is H.323?
8.What is H.320?
1. What is Videoconferencing?

Videoconferencing is changing the way companies do business. It facilitates a face-to-face meeting environment across borders, clearing the way for efficient communication and collaborative decision-making both with and between organizations. It is an effective form of communication with distinct benefits. Today, more than ever, it is proving to be an extremely powerful business tool, transforming day-today business operations by helping to increase effectiveness maximize resources and optimize productivity. Some of the distinct benefits of videoconferencing:

it lets you be two places at the same time

you can have more frequent contact with colleagues, partners, suppliers and customers without having to leave the office

it allows for ad hoc meeting letting you discuss urgent matters and take immediate decisions

lifelike audio and video let you ask as you would in a physical meeting

by letting you save time, resources and money, it improves the effectiveness of your working day and your quality life

There are five essential components that comprise a videoconferencing system: a camera, microphone, monitor, speaker, and codec. The camera and microphone capture the image and sound at one location. The codec converts the video and audio into a digital signal and compresses it before sending it out over the network. At the other end, the codec decompresses the signal and feeds the picture to a monitor and the sound to a loud speaker. 

2. What applications can you get from videoconferencing?

R&D Applications

Videoconferencing technology may be employed for a wide variety of research and development applications. In large companies, which have a number of R&D centers in geographically dispersed locations, videoconferencing can dramatically facilitate the product design process by opening the lines of communication between R&D decision makers.  

Manufacturing Applications

There are a number of manufacturing applications where videoconferencing technology can assist productivity and dramatically reduce costs. One of the main applications of videoconferencing in the manufacturing sector is to bring experts, from remote locations, to the shop floor to help troubleshoot problems.

Operational Applications

Videoconferencing technology can have an exciting impact on the operational aspects of an organization. One of the primary operational applications of videoconferencing is to increase collaboration during the project management process.  

Marketing Applications

The marketing applications of videoconferencing technology are quite diverse. Videoconferencing is ideally suited to assist marketing personnel in reviewing copy and layout, developing advertising campaigns, launching new products as well as conducting market research and focus groups.

Training Applications

Videoconferencing technology is a valuable tool for a wide variety of training and employee development applications.  

Sales Applications

In terms of sales applications, videoconferencing technology can greatly augment the productivity of sales managers and their employees by reducing the amount of time spent on administrative issues and allowing them to focus upon their sales responsibilities.  

Service and Maintenance Applications

Service and maintenance personnel are increasingly using Videoconferencing technology as a means of accessing additional expertise and reducing costs. Videoconferencing is being employed for applications such as consulting with other professionals on the diagnosis of a problem and assisting employees at the customer service help desk.

Human Resources Applications

Human resources departments can employ videoconferencing technology for a variety of applications such as covering the highlights of a benefit plan or interviewing prospective candidates for a job opening.

Legal Applications

Videoconferencing can play an extremely important role in the legal sector in terms of cutting costs and providing access to key individuals. Legal applications for videoconferencing include reviewing documentation and exhibits, facilitating settlement discussions, interviewing witnesses, video arraignment and conferring with selected experts.

Applications for Financial Institutions

Videoconferencing technology has the ability to revolutionize the manner in which financial institutions deliver a wide range of services. One of the most exciting applications of videoconferencing technology is the implementation of interactive touch-screen kiosks that provide expert information on financing, mortgages, investments and other financial services offered by the institution.

Health Care Applications

The health care sector has been dramatically altered, in recent years, by a number of important videoconferencing applications. Videoconferencing is currently being employed to conduct remote diagnoses from rural to urban centers, remote consultations with experts and specialists as well as Continuing Medical Education applications.

Distance Education Applications

Interactive distance education is a natural medium for applications ranging from corporate training to K-12 classrooms.  Being able to broaden the reach of teaching materials facilitates learning and continuing education.  

3. What is ISDN?

Integrated Services Digital Network is an international standard for digital services on the public switched telephone network. B-Channel (Bearer Channel) is the fundamental component of an ISDN circuit. The Bearer Channel carries either voice or data at 64000 bits per second (64 kbps) in either direction.

4. What is ATM?

Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a standard implementation of cell relay. Cell relay is a packet switching technique using packets (cells) of a fixed length. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an individual is not periodic.

5. What is BISDN?

Broadband ISDN. A high-speed network standard (above 1.544 Mbps) that evolved from Narrowband ISDN with existing and new services with voice, data and video in the same network.

6.What is T1?
  • T1: A dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of 1.544Mbits per second. A T-1 line actually consists of 24 individual channels, each of which supports 64Kbits per second. Each 64Kbit/second channel can be configured to carry voice or data traffic. Most telephone companies allow you to buy just some of these individual channels, known as fractional T-1 access.

    T-1 lines are a popular leased line option for businesses connecting to the Internet and for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connecting to the Internet backbone. The Internet backbone itself consists of faster T-3 connections.

7.What is H.323 ?

A standard approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that defines how audiovisual conferencing data is transmitted across networks. In theory, H.323 should enable users to participate in the same conference even though they are using different videoconferencing applications. Although most videoconferencing vendors have announced that their products will conform to H.323, it's too early to say whether such adherence will actually result in interoperability.

8.What is H.320?

A suite of ITU (International Telecommunications Union) recommendations specifying technical requirements for narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment, typically for videoconferencing over switched digital services such as ISDN, fractional T1, and Switched 56. It can be a video system's sole compression method or supplementary algorithm, used instead of a proprietary algorithm when two dissimilar codecs have need to interoperate. H.320 includes a number of individual recommendations for coding, framing, signaling and establishing connections. It also includes audio algorithms (G.721, G.722, G.728), framing, signaling and establishing connections (H.221, H.230, H.321, H.242, H.261).

Gateway: that interface between traditional circuit-switched networks and IP networks.

Gatekeepers: that control, manage, and monitor real-time voice, video and data traffic over packet net- works.

MCU: that enable voice and multimedia confer- encing over packet networks among three or more participants.


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